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In England and Wales, the ''Manual for Streets'', published in March 2007, provides guidance for practitioners involved in the planning, design, provision and approval of new streets, and modifications to existing ones. It aims to increase the quality of life through good design which creates more people-oriented streets. Although the detailed guidance in the document applies mainly to residential streets, the overall design principles apply to all streets within urban areas. A ''street'' is defined as "a highway with important public realm functions beyond the movement of motor traffic" – i.e. by its function rather than some arbitrary traffic flow limit. == Overview == The UK Department for Transport (DfT) and the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), with support from the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), commissioned WSP Group, Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), Llewelyn Davies Yeang and Phil Jones Associates to develop ''Manual for Streets'' to give guidance to a range of practitioners on effective street design.〔(Manual for Streets website )〕 ''Manual for Streets'' was published on 29 March 2007.〔Department for Communities and Local Government: (Manual for Streets )〕 It superseded ''Design Bulletin 32 – Residential Roads and Footpaths – Layout Considerations'' (DB32) and the companion guide ''Places, Streets and Movement'', which have now been withdrawn.〔Transport Research Laboratory: (The Manual for Streets: evidence and research )〕 A copy of the manual as well a summary and supporting research can be (downloaded ) from the Department for Transport. ''Manual for Streets'' has updated geometric guidelines for low trafficked residential streets, examines the effect of the environment on road user behaviour, and draws on practice in other countries. Research undertaken by TRL provides the evidence base upon which the revised geometric guidelines in the ''Manual for Streets'' are based, including link widths, forward visibility, visibility splays and junction spacing.〔Department for Transport: Policy, guidance and research – Sustainable travel – (Manual for Streets )〕 ''Manual for Streets'' applies in England and Wales and is national guidance, not a policy document. The Scottish Government commissioned WSP Group, Phil Jones Associates and Edaw to produce ''Designing Streets'', a version of ''Manual for Streets'' for application in Scotland and was published in 2010. Unlike ''Manual for Streets'', it is published as a "policy statement".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/03/22120652/0 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manual for Streets」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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